本週提供簡單的 Pygame 程式範例
vcpw15-1.py
# vcpw15-1.py
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
# 起始 pygame
pygame.init()
# 設定執行視窗大小
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
# 設定執行視窗標題
pygame.display.set_caption('Hello world')
# 進入永久執行迴圈
while True:
# 等待取使用者的事件輸入
for event in pygame.event.get():
# 使用者要求退出 pygame
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# 其餘狀況持續顯示畫面
pygame.display.update()
vcpw15-2.py
# vcpw15-2.py
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
# 起始 pygame
pygame.init()
# 設定執行視窗大小
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400), 0, 32)
# 設定執行視窗標題
pygame.display.set_caption('Drawing')
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
pygame.draw.polygon(DISPLAYSURF, GREEN, ((146, 0), (291, 106), (236, 277), (56, 277), (0, 106)))
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (60, 60), (120, 60), 4)
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (120, 60), (60, 120))
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (60, 120), (120, 120), 4)
pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, BLUE, (300, 50), 20, 0)
pygame.draw.ellipse(DISPLAYSURF, RED, (300, 250, 40, 80), 1)
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, RED, (200, 150, 100, 50))
pixObj = pygame.PixelArray(DISPLAYSURF)
pixObj[480][380] = BLACK
pixObj[482][382] = BLACK
pixObj[484][384] = BLACK
pixObj[486][386] = BLACK
pixObj[488][388] = BLACK
del pixObj
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
vcpw15-3.py
# vcpw15-3.py
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
FPS = 30
fpsClock = pygame.time.Clock()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300), 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Animation')
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
catImg = pygame.image.load('cat.png')
catx = 10
caty = 20
direction = 'right'
while True:
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
if direction == 'right':
catx += 5
if catx == 280:
direction = 'down'
elif direction == 'down':
caty += 5
if caty == 220:
direction = 'left'
elif direction == 'left':
catx -=5
if catx == 10:
direction = 'up'
elif direction == 'up':
caty -= 5
if caty == 10:
direction = 'right'
DISPLAYSURF.blit(catImg, (catx, caty))
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
fpsClock.tick(FPS)
vcpw15-4.py
# vcpw15-4.py
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.set_caption('Pygame 中文標題')
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 128)
#fontObj = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 32)
fontObj = pygame.font.Font('fireflysung.ttf', 32)
textSurfaceObj = fontObj.render('視窗中的中文字元', True, GREEN, BLUE)
textRectObj = textSurfaceObj.get_rect()
textRectObj.center = (250, 150)
while True:
DISPLAYSURF.fill(WHITE)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(textSurfaceObj, textRectObj)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
cpw15-5.py
# vcpw15-5.py
# Memory Puzzle
# Original By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com
# http://inventwithpython.com/pygame
# Released under a "Simplified BSD" license
import random, pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *
FPS = 30 # frames per second, the general speed of the program
WINDOWWIDTH = 640 # size of window's width in pixels
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480 # size of windows' height in pixels
REVEALSPEED = 8 # speed boxes' sliding reveals and covers
BOXSIZE = 40 # size of box height & width in pixels
GAPSIZE = 10 # size of gap between boxes in pixels
BOARDWIDTH = 5 # number of columns of icons
BOARDHEIGHT = 2 # number of rows of icons
assert (BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT) % 2 == 0, 'Board needs to have an even number of boxes for pairs of matches.'
XMARGIN = int((WINDOWWIDTH - (BOARDWIDTH * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)
YMARGIN = int((WINDOWHEIGHT - (BOARDHEIGHT * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE))) / 2)
# R G B
GRAY = (100, 100, 100)
NAVYBLUE = ( 60, 60, 100)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = ( 0, 255, 0)
BLUE = ( 0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
ORANGE = (255, 128, 0)
PURPLE = (255, 0, 255)
CYAN = ( 0, 255, 255)
BGCOLOR = NAVYBLUE
LIGHTBGCOLOR = GRAY
BOXCOLOR = WHITE
HIGHLIGHTCOLOR = BLUE
DONUT = 'donut'
SQUARE = 'square'
DIAMOND = 'diamond'
LINES = 'lines'
OVAL = 'oval'
ALLCOLORS = (RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, ORANGE, PURPLE, CYAN)
ALLSHAPES = (DONUT, SQUARE, DIAMOND, LINES, OVAL)
assert len(ALLCOLORS) * len(ALLSHAPES) * 2 >= BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT, "Board is too big for the number of shapes/colors defined."
def main():
global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF
pygame.init()
FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
mousex = 0 # used to store x coordinate of mouse event
mousey = 0 # used to store y coordinate of mouse event
pygame.display.set_caption('Memory Game')
mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
revealedBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
firstSelection = None # stores the (x, y) of the first box clicked.
DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
startGameAnimation(mainBoard)
while True: # main game loop
mouseClicked = False
DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR) # drawing the window
drawBoard(mainBoard, revealedBoxes)
for event in pygame.event.get(): # event handling loop
if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYUP and event.key == K_ESCAPE):
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
mousex, mousey = event.pos
elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
mousex, mousey = event.pos
mouseClicked = True
boxx, boxy = getBoxAtPixel(mousex, mousey)
if boxx != None and boxy != None:
# The mouse is currently over a box.
if not revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy]:
drawHighlightBox(boxx, boxy)
if not revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] and mouseClicked:
revealBoxesAnimation(mainBoard, [(boxx, boxy)])
revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] = True # set the box as "revealed"
if firstSelection == None: # the current box was the first box clicked
firstSelection = (boxx, boxy)
else: # the current box was the second box clicked
# Check if there is a match between the two icons.
icon1shape, icon1color = getShapeAndColor(mainBoard, firstSelection[0], firstSelection[1])
icon2shape, icon2color = getShapeAndColor(mainBoard, boxx, boxy)
if icon1shape != icon2shape or icon1color != icon2color:
# Icons don't match. Re-cover up both selections.
pygame.time.wait(1000) # 1000 milliseconds = 1 sec
coverBoxesAnimation(mainBoard, [(firstSelection[0], firstSelection[1]), (boxx, boxy)])
revealedBoxes[firstSelection[0]][firstSelection[1]] = False
revealedBoxes[boxx][boxy] = False
elif hasWon(revealedBoxes): # check if all pairs found
gameWonAnimation(mainBoard)
pygame.time.wait(2000)
# Reset the board
mainBoard = getRandomizedBoard()
revealedBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
# Show the fully unrevealed board for a second.
drawBoard(mainBoard, revealedBoxes)
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.wait(1000)
# Replay the start game animation.
startGameAnimation(mainBoard)
firstSelection = None # reset firstSelection variable
# Redraw the screen and wait a clock tick.
pygame.display.update()
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def generateRevealedBoxesData(val):
revealedBoxes = []
for i in range(BOARDWIDTH):
revealedBoxes.append([val] * BOARDHEIGHT)
return revealedBoxes
def getRandomizedBoard():
# Get a list of every possible shape in every possible color.
icons = []
for color in ALLCOLORS:
for shape in ALLSHAPES:
icons.append( (shape, color) )
random.shuffle(icons) # randomize the order of the icons list
numIconsUsed = int(BOARDWIDTH * BOARDHEIGHT / 2) # calculate how many icons are needed
icons = icons[:numIconsUsed] * 2 # make two of each
random.shuffle(icons)
# Create the board data structure, with randomly placed icons.
board = []
for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
column = []
for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
column.append(icons[0])
del icons[0] # remove the icons as we assign them
board.append(column)
return board
def splitIntoGroupsOf(groupSize, theList):
# splits a list into a list of lists, where the inner lists have at
# most groupSize number of items.
result = []
for i in range(0, len(theList), groupSize):
result.append(theList[i:i + groupSize])
return result
def leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy):
# Convert board coordinates to pixel coordinates
left = boxx * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE) + XMARGIN
top = boxy * (BOXSIZE + GAPSIZE) + YMARGIN
return (left, top)
def getBoxAtPixel(x, y):
for boxx in range(BOARDWIDTH):
for boxy in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
boxRect = pygame.Rect(left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE)
if boxRect.collidepoint(x, y):
return (boxx, boxy)
return (None, None)
def drawIcon(shape, color, boxx, boxy):
quarter = int(BOXSIZE * 0.25) # syntactic sugar
half = int(BOXSIZE * 0.5) # syntactic sugar
left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy) # get pixel coords from board coords
# Draw the shapes
if shape == DONUT:
pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + half, top + half), half - 5)
pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (left + half, top + half), quarter - 5)
elif shape == SQUARE:
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + quarter, top + quarter, BOXSIZE - half, BOXSIZE - half))
elif shape == DIAMOND:
pygame.draw.polygon(DISPLAYSURF, color, ((left + half, top), (left + BOXSIZE - 1, top + half), (left + half, top + BOXSIZE - 1), (left, top + half)))
elif shape == LINES:
for i in range(0, BOXSIZE, 4):
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left, top + i), (left + i, top))
pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left + i, top + BOXSIZE - 1), (left + BOXSIZE - 1, top + i))
elif shape == OVAL:
pygame.draw.ellipse(DISPLAYSURF, color, (left, top + quarter, BOXSIZE, half))
def getShapeAndColor(board, boxx, boxy):
# shape value for x, y spot is stored in board[x][y][0]
# color value for x, y spot is stored in board[x][y][1]
return board[boxx][boxy][0], board[boxx][boxy][1]
def drawBoxCovers(board, boxes, coverage):
# Draws boxes being covered/revealed. "boxes" is a list
# of two-item lists, which have the x & y spot of the box.
for box in boxes:
left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(box[0], box[1])
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BGCOLOR, (left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE))
shape, color = getShapeAndColor(board, box[0], box[1])
drawIcon(shape, color, box[0], box[1])
if coverage > 0: # only draw the cover if there is an coverage
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BOXCOLOR, (left, top, coverage, BOXSIZE))
pygame.display.update()
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
def revealBoxesAnimation(board, boxesToReveal):
# Do the "box reveal" animation.
for coverage in range(BOXSIZE, (-REVEALSPEED) - 1, -REVEALSPEED):
drawBoxCovers(board, boxesToReveal, coverage)
def coverBoxesAnimation(board, boxesToCover):
# Do the "box cover" animation.
for coverage in range(0, BOXSIZE + REVEALSPEED, REVEALSPEED):
drawBoxCovers(board, boxesToCover, coverage)
def drawBoard(board, revealed):
# Draws all of the boxes in their covered or revealed state.
for boxx in range(BOARDWIDTH):
for boxy in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
if not revealed[boxx][boxy]:
# Draw a covered box.
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BOXCOLOR, (left, top, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE))
else:
# Draw the (revealed) icon.
shape, color = getShapeAndColor(board, boxx, boxy)
drawIcon(shape, color, boxx, boxy)
def drawHighlightBox(boxx, boxy):
left, top = leftTopCoordsOfBox(boxx, boxy)
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, HIGHLIGHTCOLOR, (left - 5, top - 5, BOXSIZE + 10, BOXSIZE + 10), 4)
def startGameAnimation(board):
# Randomly reveal the boxes 8 at a time.
coveredBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(False)
boxes = []
for x in range(BOARDWIDTH):
for y in range(BOARDHEIGHT):
boxes.append( (x, y) )
random.shuffle(boxes)
boxGroups = splitIntoGroupsOf(8, boxes)
drawBoard(board, coveredBoxes)
for boxGroup in boxGroups:
revealBoxesAnimation(board, boxGroup)
coverBoxesAnimation(board, boxGroup)
def gameWonAnimation(board):
# flash the background color when the player has won
coveredBoxes = generateRevealedBoxesData(True)
color1 = LIGHTBGCOLOR
color2 = BGCOLOR
for i in range(13):
color1, color2 = color2, color1 # swap colors
DISPLAYSURF.fill(color1)
drawBoard(board, coveredBoxes)
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.wait(300)
def hasWon(revealedBoxes):
# Returns True if all the boxes have been revealed, otherwise False
for i in revealedBoxes:
if False in i:
return False # return False if any boxes are covered.
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
vcpw15-6.py
# vcpw15-6.py
# http://richard.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.84/prod.11
# INTIALISATION
import pygame, math, sys
from pygame.locals import *
TURN_SPEED = 5
ACCELERATION = 2
MAX_FORWARD_SPEED = 10
MAX_REVERSE_SPEED = 5
BG= (0,0,0)
MAX_Y = 768
MAX_X = 1024
# initialize the screen with size (MAX_X, MAX_Y)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((MAX_X, MAX_Y))
# load picture file - Car: http://www.xnadevelopment.com/tutorials/introducingxnagamestudioexpress/Car.png / Turtle: http://www.wpclipart.com/animals/aquatic/turtle/turtle_2/cartoon_turtle.png.html
car = pygame.image.load('car.png')
# initialize the sound mixer
pygame.mixer.init()
# load horn sound http://www.freesound.org/people/KRAFTWERK2K1/sounds/32417/
horn = pygame.mixer.Sound('car_horn.wav')
clock = pygame.time.Clock() # load clock
k_up = k_down = k_left = k_right = 0 # init key values
speed = direction = 0 # start speed & direction
position = (100, 100) # start position
play = True
while play:
# USER INPUT
clock.tick(30)
# get events from the user
for event in pygame.event.get():
# not a key event
if not hasattr(event, 'key'):
continue
# check if presses a key or left it
down = event.type == KEYDOWN # key down or up?
# key events: http://pygame.org/docs/ref/key.html
if event.key == K_RIGHT:
k_right = down * TURN_SPEED
elif event.key == K_LEFT:
k_left = down * TURN_SPEED
elif event.key == K_UP:
k_up = down * ACCELERATION
elif event.key == K_DOWN:
k_down = down * ACCELERATION
elif event.key == K_RETURN:
horn.play() # TODO honk twice if you feel nice
elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
horn.play()
play = False
screen.fill(BG)
# SIMULATION
# .. new speed and direction based on acceleration and turn
speed += (k_up - k_down)
if speed > MAX_FORWARD_SPEED:
speed = MAX_FORWARD_SPEED
if speed < MAX_REVERSE_SPEED:
speed = MAX_REVERSE_SPEED
direction += (k_right - k_left) # TODO is this the right direction?
# .. new position based on current position, speed and direction
x, y = position
rad = direction * math.pi / 180
x += speed*math.sin(rad)
y += speed*math.cos(rad)
# make sure the car doesn't exit the screen
if y < 0:
y = 0 # TODO is there another way to treat this?
elif y > MAX_Y:
y = MAX_Y
if x < 0:
x = 0
elif x > MAX_X:
x = MAX_X
position = (x, y)
# RENDERING
# .. rotate the car image for direction
rotated = pygame.transform.rotate(car, direction)
# .. position the car on screen
rect = rotated.get_rect()
rect.center = position
print(position)
# .. render the car to screen
screen.blit(rotated, rect)
pygame.display.flip()
sys.exit(0) # quit the game